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What are Xanthones?

In short, xanthones are antioxidant phytonutrient-plant-based chemical nutrients.

As the name suggests, antioxidants suppress oxidation of the body. Right from the start-and for many years after-your body benefits from increased levels and continued intake of such antioxidants.

Understanding the Research

A lot of research has been done on xanthones. Let’s take a look at some of it.

A research group comprised of Drs. Mahabusarakam, Proudfoot, Taylor and Croft—along with other groups—discovered the following health benefits.

Xanthones bolster the cell’s defense against free radicals and maintenance of cell integrity.

A research group comprised of Drs. Chanarat P, Chanarat N, Fujihara and Nagumo—along with other groups—found that xanthones were very effective in warding off infection.

Support of a healthy immune system.

A research group comprised of Drs. Nabandith, Suzui and Morioka—along with other groups—studied the power of xanthones including its superiority over other antioxidant-rich substances like vinegar.

Support of cartilage and joint function.

A research group comprised of Drs. Gopalakrishnan, Subramanian and Shankaranaryanan—along with other groups—investigated the special relationship between xanthones and intestinal health.

Maintenance of flow and regularity as well as promotion of intestinal health.

A research group comprised of Drs. Nakatani, Yamakuni and Kondo researched the relationship between xanthones and the respiratory system.

Maintenance of a healthy seasonal respiratory system.

Of course, this represents only a part of the benefits derived from xanthones. These powerful compounds may also prove effective against allergies and inflammations, suppressing infections and many other ailments.

References

Begum N, Gopalakrishnan C, Subramanian S, Shankaranarayanan D, Kameswaran L. Anti-ulcer and anti microbial activities of Gartanin, a xanthone from Garcinia Mangostana Linn. . Bull Islam. 1982;2(20): 518-521

Caius J. The Medical and Poisonous Plants of India. Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publishers; 1986.

Garnett M, Sturton S. G. mangostana in the treatment of amoebic dysentery. Chines Med J. 1932; 46(10): 969-973.

Chopra R, Nayar S, Chopra L. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi; 1956.

Kirtikar K, Basu B. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol 1. Dehra Dun, India: International Book Distributor; 1999.

Chanarat P, Chanarat N, Fujihara M, Nagumo T. Immunopharmacological activity of polysaccharide from the pericarp of mangosteen garcinia: phagocytic intracellular killing activities. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand - Chotmaihet thangphaet J Med Assoc Thai. 1997/09//1997; 80 Suppl 1: S 149-154.

Chen SX, Wan M, Loh BN. Active constituents against HIV-1 protease from Garcinia mangostana. Planta Med. 1996/08// 1996; 62(4): 381-382.

Gopalakrishnan G, Banumathi B, Suresh G. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of natural xanthones from Garcinia mangostana and their synthetic derivatives. J Nat Prod. 1997/05// 1997; 60(5): 519-524.

Mahabusarakam W, Proudfoot J, Taylor W, Croft K. Inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation by prenylated xanthones derived from mangostin. Free Radic Res. 2000/11// 2000; 33(5) 643-659.

William P, Ongsakul M, Proudfoot J, Croft K, Beilin L. Mangostin inhibits the oxidative modification of human low density lipoprotein. Free Radic Res. 1995/08// 1995;23(2): 175-184.

Yoshikawa M, Harada E, Miki A, et al. Antioxidant constituents from the fruit hulls of mangosteen. Yakugaku Zasshi. 1994; 114(2): 129-133.

Leong L, Shui G. An investigation of antioxidant capacity of fruits in Singapore markets. Food Chemistry. 2002; 76: 69-75.

Nabandith V, Suzui M, Morioka T, etal. Inhibitory effects of crude alpha-mangostin, a xanthone derivative, on two different categories of colon preneoplastic lesions induced by 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine in the rat. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2004; 5(4): 433-438.

Nakatani K, Atsumi M, Arakawa T, et al. Inhibitions of histamine release and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by mangosteen, a Thai medical plant. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002/09// 2002; 25(9): 1137-1141.

Nakatani K, Nakahata N, Arakawa T, Yasuda H, Ohizumi Y. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglanidin E2 synthesis by gamma-mangostin, a xanthone derivative in mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002/01/01 2002; 63(1): 73-79.

Nakatani K, Yamakuni T, Kondo N, et al. gamma-mangostin inhibits inhibitor-kappaB kinase activity and decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in C6 rat glioma cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2004; 66(3): 667-674.